Variables and declarations

TypeScript uses let and const to introduce variables; the type is inferred or annotated explicitly. Go has two short forms for the same job:

• name := value — the short declaration. Inferred type. Idiomatic at function scope. This is what you'll write most of the time.
• var name type = value — the full form. Required at package scope and useful when you want to declare without initialising, or pin the type explicitly.

const exists in Go too, but only for compile-time constants (integers, strings, floats, booleans) — not for "this binding doesn't get reassigned" the way TS uses const. We'll come back to that.